On March 8, President Joe Biden bans US imports of Russian gas and oil. The EU says it will cut its imports of Russian gas by two-thirds this year and Britain says it will phase out its Russian energy imports by the end of 2022.
On July 11, Gazprom begins 10 days of routine maintenance on its Nord Stream 1 pipeline, resulting in gas cuts in Europe.
A week later, the EU and Azerbaijan sign an agreement to double gas imports from the energy-rich Caspian nation to Europe.
The 27-nation bloc has also turned to oil-rich countries such as Qatar, Norway and Algeria to make up for its energy shortfall.
On July 20, the European Commission urges EU states to reduce demand for natural gas by 15 percent over the coming months to secure winter stocks.
On July 25, Gazprom says it will further cut the supply to about 20 percent of the pipeline's capacity due to the "technical condition" of one of the turbines.
The German government says there is "no technical reason" for the move.
On July 30, Gazprom suspends gas supplies to EU and NATO member Latvia, citing violations of the conditions of purchase.
