Particles from the Sun react with oxygen molecules to produce red or green light tones, while nitrogen molecules create blue and purple light tones.
The pale yellow-green is the most common aurora color and is created by oxygen molecules located about 96 kilometers above the Earth. Rare red auroras are formed by oxygen molecules at 320 kilometers high.
Auroras are generally considered harmless. However, high-energy particles from the Sun reaching Earth can create some indirect effects.
Satellites, GPS systems, and other electronic devices can be affected from strong magnetic storms. Such storms can induce large currents in the Earth's electrical grids, potentially leading to power outages.
There is also an increased radiation risk for aircraft flying in polar regions during magnetic storms. Therefore, airlines may alter flight routes during these storms. Astronauts and spacecraft in space can also be affected, necessitating protective measures.
The powerful magnetic storm in 2024 gave many people the chance to witness this natural wonder and reminded us of how magnificent our planet's interaction with the Sun can be. If you want to see the stunning northern lights, 2024 might be an ideal year to observe them!
