The number of confirmed exoplanets beyond our solar system surpassed 6,000. In 2025, discoveries ranged from exotic planets orbiting two suns to lava worlds with unusual atmospheres, revealing some of the universe's most mysterious and rule-breaking planets.
Humanity's view of the cosmos underwent a dramatic shift in 2025. While NASA tracked over 6,000 confirmed exoplanets, thousands more candidates are awaiting confirmation.
The awe we felt 30 years ago at finding the first planet around a Sun-like star has now evolved into amazement at the sheer variety of rule-defying worlds. This year's discoveries—including "Super-Earths," "Mini-Neptunes," and Tatooine-like two-star planets—challenge everything we thought we knew about planetary formation.
One of the year's most talked-about events was the discovery of a planet orbiting two "failed stars," or brown dwarfs. Located 120 light-years away, this unusual world travels in a vertical orbit over the poles of its stars, rather than the usual flat orbit. Scientists suggest it may have been ejected billions of years ago by the gravity of a passing star.
Meanwhile, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) detected gases on the planet K2-18b that could indicate life, sparking a major scientific debate. While data remains inconclusive, the findings push the limits of our ability to detect life in distant oceans.
Other remarkable 2025 discoveries included "comet-like planets" orbiting extremely close to their stars. One planet in the Pegasus constellation is so close to its star that it melts and leaves behind a 9-million-kilometer dust tail, losing an "Everest-sized" mass each orbit—a rare opportunity to study a planet's internal structure.
JWST also detected an unexpected atmosphere on TOI-561b, a lava planet previously thought to have no atmosphere, marking one of 2025's biggest surprises.
Telescopes in Chile and Arizona captured the first direct image of a giant planet in the process of forming, carving its path through clouds of dust and gas. Meanwhile, 145 light-years away, a dead star was observed consuming the remains of its planets, providing a dark yet instructive glimpse into the distant future of our own solar system.
Though 2025 did not definitively answer whether we are alone in the universe, it showed that the answers may be closer—and stranger—than we ever imagined.
