Overuse and climate change kill off Iraq's Sawa Lake

A 'No Fishing' sign on the edge of Iraq's western desert is one of the few clues that this was once Sawa Lake, a biodiverse wetland and recreational landmark. Human activity and climate change have combined to turn the site into a barren wasteland with piles of salt. Abandoned hotels and tourist facilities here hark back to the 1990s when the salt lake, circled by sandy banks, was in its heyday and popular with newly-weds and families who came to swim and picnic. Bottles litter its former banks and plastic bags dangle from sun-scorched shrubs, while two pontoons have been reduced to rust. Today, on the sandy ground sprinkled with salt, only a pond remains where tiny fish swim, in a source that connects the lake to an underground water table. The five-square-kilometre (two-square-mile) lake has been drying up since 2014, says Youssef Jabbar, environmental department head of Muthana province. A government statement issued last week also pointed to 'more than 1,000 wells illegally dug' for agriculture in the area. Additionally, nearby cement and salt factories have 'drained significant amounts of water from the groundwater that feeds the lake', Jabbar said. Use of aquifers would have to be curbed and, following three years of drought, the area would now need several seasons of abundant rainfall, in a country hit by desertification and regarded as one of the five most vulnerable to climate change. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, a global treaty, recognised Sawa as 'unique... because it is a closed water body in an area of sabkha (salt flat) with no inlet or outlet. A stopover for migratory birds, the lake was once 'home to several globally vulnerable species' such as the eastern imperial eagle, houbara bustard and marbled duck. Sawa is not the only body of water in Iraq facing the perils of drought. In Sawa, a sharp drop in rainfall -- now only 30 percent of what used to be normal for the region -- has lowered the underground water table, itself drained by wells, said Aoun Dhiab, a senior advisor at Iraq's water resources ministry. Dhiab said authorities have banned the digging of new wells and are working to close illegally-dug wells across the country. Latif Dibes, who divides his time between his hometown of Samawa and his adopted country of Sweden, has worked for the past decade to raise environmental awareness. He remembers the school trips and holidays of his childhood, when the family would go swimming at Sawa. 'I am 60 years old and I grew up with the lake. I thought I would disappear before it, but unfortunately, it has died before me.'

Overuse and climate change kill off Iraq's Sawa Lake

A "No Fishing" sign on the edge of Iraq's western desert is one of the few clues that this was once Sawa Lake, a biodiverse wetland and recreational landmark.