SpaceX's Starship aces first return to Texas

SpaceX's Starship spacecraft on Saturday returned from its longest flight in orbit yet to the Texas launch tower it was launched from a day prior, demonstrating the first key recovery of the rocket system's centerpiece vessel in the company's decade-long ⁠effort to develop a fully reusable rocket.

The ⁠towering two-stage rocket's Super Heavy booster - the rocket's bottom half - carried Starship to space on Friday, lifting off from SpaceX's Starbase, Texas, facilities. That booster had failed to make a similar return to the ⁠launch pad some 10 minutes after liftoff, nixing SpaceX's plan to recover both parts of the rocket for the first time.

But the Starship upper stage's successful return after orbiting Earth 14 times for over 22 hours marked a key engineering milestone in the whirlwind, multibillion-dollar development of Starship, which billionaire Elon Musk sees as the future workhorse for SpaceX's satellite business and ambitions to put humans on the moon and eventually Mars.

After deploying 26 Starlink satellites in orbit Friday night while cruising some 161 miles (260km) in altitude, Starship on Saturday fired one of its engines to ⁠begin ⁠an atmospheric plunge. It faced blistering heat as its orbital speed of some 17,000 miles per hour slowed to a supersonic free-fall in the skies above SpaceX's Starbase facilities on the Gulf coast of south Texas.

The spacecraft then reignited three engines to flip itself in a vertical position and steer itself toward the launch tower, where two mechanical "chopstick" arms clasped onto the spacecraft as it hovered in place.

SpaceX's dominance in the global launch industry is centered on its workhorse ⁠Falcon 9 rocket, which has launched over 700 times since 2010. That rocket's first stage is reusable, but its second stage - the part that delivers payloads into orbit - is discarded into the ocean after each flight.

With Starship, Musk wants a rocket system that can fly to space and back in a manner and tempo akin to commercial airplanes.

Though Saturday's Starship recovery is a key milestone in that effort, SpaceX has yet ⁠to recover ‌both ‌Starship stages in a single mission. And Starship's heat-shield, composed ⁠of black hexagonal tiles that protect it from the ‌blazing heat of atmospheric reentry, is itself not yet fully reusable.

SpaceX is trying to engineer new tile designs that will require little ⁠to no refurbishment after each mission.

NASA's Space Shuttle system ⁠that ferried astronauts to the International Space Station before its 2011 retirement was partially ⁠reusable; its booster stages that got it off Earth were discarded after each flight. The reusable spacecraft itself had to go through extensive refurbishment before re-flying.