People came to a halt for two minutes' contemplation on Friday as Turkey marked the 79th anniversary of the death of the country's founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
At his mausoleum in Ankara, thousands flocked to pay their respects to the deeply revered first president of the republic.
At 9.05 a.m. (0605GMT) sirens wailed to mark the exact moment of his death at the age of 57 in Istanbul's Dolmabahçe Palace.
Around the country, people stopped in the streets or stood silently at their workplaces to remember Atatürk.
At the Anitkabir mausoleum overlooking the capital, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was among those to lay a wreath at Atatürk's resting place.
"We are once again remembering our first president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk," Erdoğan wrote in a book of commemoration. "We are working day and night to bring Turkey to the level of contemporary civilization. May his soul rest in peace."
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, leader of the main opposition Republican People's Party, and Parliamentary Speaker Ismail Kahraman also took part in the annual ceremony alongside other senior politicians and military officers.
"The heroic Turkish Armed Forces, which honourably carry the torch of independence and sovereignty that Atatürk lit, continue their dedication to fight against every kind of risk and threat," Chief of General Staff Gen. Hulusi Akar said in a statement published online.
Atatürk was born in 1881 in Thessaloniki, then part of the Ottoman Empire.
His distinguished military career included repelling the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in 1915 and then rallying Turkey to withstand the Allies' attempt to carve up Turkey after World War I in the War of Independence.
As Turkey's first president, he transformed the country through a wide-ranging series of modernizing reforms.
Sport federations and clubs marked the day with messages of commemoration.
The Turkish Football Federation mentioned Atatürk's emphasis on sport while Hidayet Turkoglu, chairman of the Turkish Basketball Federation, commemorated "Atatürk and his brothers in arms, as well as all our martyrs and veterans with appreciation."
The country's "Big Three" sports clubs -- Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Beşiktaş -- also issued messages of respect. "We once again grieve his death and commemorate him with love, longing and respect," Beşiktaş said in a statement.
